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1 γυμνάζω
A : [tense] pf. (lyr.):—[voice] Med., (v. infr.):—[voice] Pass., [tense] aor. ἐγυμνάσθην [D.]61.43: [tense] pf. γεγύμνασμαι (v. infr.): ([etym.] γυμνός):—train naked, train in gymnastic exercise: generally, train, exercise, τὸ σῶμα, τὴν ψυχήν, Isoc.2.11;ἑαυτὸν καὶ τοὺς ἵππους X.An.1.2.7
;ἑαυτὸν πρός τι Arr.Epict.2.18.27
: c. inf., γ. τοὺς παῖδάς τι ποιεῖν train or accustom them to do a thing, X.Cyr.1.6.32; γ. τινά τινι accustom him to it, ib.1.2.10;τινὰ περί τι Isoc.10.5
; teach rhetoric, Phld.Rh.2.50S.:—[voice] Med., exercise for oneself, practise,γυμνάσασθαι τέχνην Pl.Grg. 514e
;τὰ περὶ τὰς διαίτας Str.14.2.19
;γυμνάσιον τὸ εἰωθός Ael.VH5.6
; practise gymnastic exercises, Thgn. 1335, Hdt.7.208, Th.1.6. etc.;δρόμῳ IG4.955.8
(ii A. D.), etc.; generally, practise,ναῦς -ομένας X.HG1.1.16
; of a disputer, Arist.Top. 108a13, etc.:—[voice] Pass., ὁ γεγυμνασμένος the trained or practised orator, opp. ὁ εὐφυής, Id.Rh. 1410b8; γεγυμνάσθαι πρός τι, ἔντινι, be trained or practised for or in a thing, Pl.Lg. 626b, 635c;περὶ τὰ ὅπλα γυμνάζεσθαι X.HG6.5.23
: c. acc.,τὰ πρὸς τὰς πολεμικὰς πράξεις γεγυμνασμένοι τὰς ἕξεις.. Arist.Pol. 1319a22
;θήραν Philostr.VA3.9
: c. gen., γεγ. θαλάττης, πολέμων, σοφίας, Id.Her.2.15,3.1,10.1;καρδία γεγ. πλεονεξίας τινί 2 Ep.Pet.2.14
; alsoὕδωρ ὑπὸ συνεχῶν πληγῶν γεγ. καὶ κεκαθαρμένον J.AJ3.1.2
.II metaph., wear out, harass,ἄδην με.. πλάναι γεγυμνάκασι A.Pr. 586
; ; κρυμὸς.. πλευρὰ γυμνάζει χολῆς, of pleurisy, E.Fr. 682:—[voice] Pass.,τοὺς ὑπερμήκεις δρόμους.. γυμνάζεται A.Pr. 592
.2 investigate, Sammelb. 5941.12 ([voice] Pass., vi A. D.).Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > γυμνάζω
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2 ἀγωνία
ἀγων-ία, ἡ,A contest, struggle for victory,ἀγὼν διὰ πάσης ἀγωνίης ἔχων Hdt.2.91
;πολεμίων ἀ. E.Hec. 314
, cf. Tr. 1003; esp. in games, Pi.O.2.52, P.5.113:—also in Prose,ἐν δημοτικῇ ἀ. X.Cyr.2.3.15
; ἅπασαν ἀ. ἐκτεἶναι [D.]60.30, etc. -
3 ἀσκέω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `work raw materials, form by art' (Il.), `exercise, train' (Hdt.).Other forms: Aor. ἀσκῆσαιOrigin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Unknown. The oldest meaning may be `work on material, make it better, useful, more beautiful'. As DELG remarks it might be a denom. of ἀσκός, i.e. `prepare a skin' (from there `train your body'?). Cf. Baunack Stud. 1, 258ff.Page in Frisk: 1,163-164Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἀσκέω
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4 κατασκευή
κατασκευ-ή, ἡ,A preparation, ὄντων ἐν κατασκευῇ τοῦ πολέμου being engaged in preparing for it, Th. 8.5; construction,λιμένων ἢ νεωρίων Pl.Grg. 455b
; fitting out,πλοίων Plb.1.21.1
, etc.3 training, Stoic. 3.89.II permanent or fixed assets, opp. what is movable or temporary ([etym.] παρασκευή), fixtures, plant, etc., Th.1.10; ἀνειληφότες τὰς κ. having repaired their estates, Id.2.16; ἡ περὶ τὸν κλῆρον κ. Pl. Lg. 923d; τῆς ἄλλης κ., ἐν ᾗ κατοικοῦμεν καὶ μεθ' ἧς πολιτευόμεθα καὶ δι' ἢν ζῆν δυνάμεθα the aggregate of our possessions, Isoc.4.26;αἱ κ. αἱ ἐπὶ τῶν ἀγρῶν ἢ αἱ ἐντὸς τείχους Id.7.52
; but also, like παρασκευή, any furniture or fittings, τὴν Μαρδονίου κ., i. e. his tent and its furniture, Hdt.9.82;κ. πολυτελέσι χρησαμένων Th.6.31
; φιάλας τε.. καὶ θυμιατήρια καὶ ἄλλην κ. ib.46;ἡ κ. τῆς οἰκίας D.47.54
; τῇ τῶν θεῶν κ. χρῆσθαι whatever the gods provided, X.Ages.9.5.III state, condition, constitution of a thing,θεοῦ κ. βίῳ δόντος τοιαύτην E. Supp. 214
;αἱ.. κ. τῆς ψυχῆς Pl.R. 544e
;ἡ τοῦ βίου κ. Id.Lg. 842c
; ἡ τῶν νόμων κ. ib. 739a; ἐν πάσῃ κ. πολιτικῇ ib. 736b; ἐν χρημάτων κ. in the constitution of a man's fortune, Id.Grg. 477b; ἐν σώματος κ. ibid.; κ. τις παρὰ φύσιν, definition of νόσος, Gal.6.837.IV device, trick,τέχναι καὶ κ. Aeschin.2.1
, v.l. in Din.1.34; ἄνευ κατασκευῆς ᾄδειν artlessly, Ael.NA5.38.V in Logic, constructive reasoning, opp. ἀνασκευή, D.H.Lys.24, Hermog.Prog.5, etc.: in pl., Cic.Att.1.14.4, Longin.11.2, Quint.2.4.18.VI Rhet., artistic treatment,κ. ποιητική Str.1.2.6
, D.H.Comp.1; manipulation, συλλαβῶν, γραμμάτων, ib.15, 16; elaboration, Id.Pomp.2, etc.; correct style, opp. ἰδιωτισμός, Diocl.Stoic.3.214; technical resources,πλάσμα καὶ ἡ ἄλλη κ. δημηγόρου Phld.Rh.1.199
S.VII Geom., construction, Archim.Sph.Cyl. 2.4, cf. Procl.in Euc.p.203 F.; κ. ὀργανική solution by mechanical construction, Papp.174.17.VIII system of gymnastic exercise, as t.t., Gal.6.169.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > κατασκευή
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5 ὅπλον
ὅπλον, τό,I a ship's tackle, tackling, Hom.(only in Od.), 2.390, al., Hes.Op. 627 ; esp. ropes, halyards, etc.,δησάμενοι δ' ἄρα ὅπλα Od. 2.430
, etc.; in which sense Hom. twice uses the sg., rope, 14.346, 21.390: generally, any ropes, Hdt.7.25, 9.115, Hp.Art.78.II tools, strictly so called, in Hom. esp. of smiths' tools, Il.18.409, 412 ; in full,ὅπλα χαλκήϊα Od.3.433
: in sg., ὅπλον ἀρούρης sickle, AP6.95 ([place name] Antiphil) ; ὅπλον γεροντικόν staff, Call.Epigr.1.7 ; δείπνων ὅπλον ἑτοιμότατον, of the wine-flask, AP6.248 (Marc. Arg.).III in pl., also, implements of war, arms and armour, Hom. (only in Il.), αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ πάνθ' ὅπλα κάμε, of the arms of Achilles, 18.614, cf. 19.21 ; , 272 ; so in Pi.N.8.27, IG12.1.9, E.Hec. 14, etc.: rarely in sg., weapon,οὐδέ τι ἀρήϊον ὅπλον ἐκτέαται Hdt.4.23
, cf. 174, E.HF 161, 570, 942, Pl.R. 474a, X.Cyr.7.4.15 ; ποτὶ πονηρὸν οὐκ ἄχρηστον ὅπλον ἁ πονηρία [Epich.] 275 ; piece of armour, D.S.3.49.2 the large shield, from which the men-at-arms took their name of ὁπλῖται (εἰκόνα γραπτὴν ἐν ὅπλῳ IG22.1012.18
(ii B. C.), cf. IGRom.4.1302.35 (Cyme, i B. C./i A. D.), Th.7.75, D.S.15.44, 17.18);ὅπλον στύππινον IG11(2).203
B99 (Delos, iii B. C.): metaph.,τῆς πενίας ὅπλον ἡ παρρησία Nicostr.Com.29
;ὅ. μέγιστον.. ἁρετὴ βροτοῖς Men. Mon. 433
, cf. 619.3 in pl., also, heavy arms, Hdt.9.53 ; ὅπλων ἐπιστάτης, = ὁπλίτης, opp. κώπης ἄναξ, A.Pers. 379 ; ;ὅπλα παραδοῦναι Id.4.69
;ὅπλα ἀποβάλλειν Ar.V.27
, etc.4 ὅπλα, = ὁπλῖται, men-at-arms,πολλῶν μεθ' ὅπλων S.Ant. 115
(lyr.): and freq. in Prose, ἐξέτασιν ὅπλων ποιεῖσθαι to have a muster of the men-at-arms, Th.4.74, etc.; ὁ ἐπὶ τῶν ὅπλων στρατηγός, opp. ὁ ἐπὶ τῆς διοικήσεως, Decr. ap. D.18.38, Decr.ib. 115 ;χειροτονηθεὶς ἐπὶ τὰ ὅ. πρῶτος.. στρατηγός IG22.682.44
(iii B. C.);στρατηγεῖν ἐπὶ τὰ ὅ. SIG697
E (Delph., ii B. C.), etc.5 τὰ ὅ. the place of arms, camp,ἦλθεν εἰς τὰ ὅ. Lys.13.12
, cf.X.Cyr.7.2.5, etc.;ἐκ τῶν ὅ. προϊέναι Th.1.111
, cf. 3.1.6 Phrases: ἐνέδυνον (v.l. ἐνέδυντο)τὰ ὅ. Hdt.7.218
, etc.; ἐν ὅπλοισι εἶναι or γενέσθαι to be in arms, under arms, Id.1.13, cf.E.Ba. 303, Th.6.56 ;ἐν ὄπλοισι [ἰππομ]άχεντας Sapph.Supp.5.19
;ἐν ὅπλοις μάχεσθαι Pl.Grg. 456d
;ἡ ἐν τοῖς ὅπλοις μάχη Id.Lg. 833e
; ποιῆσαι ἐξέτασιν ἐν ὅπλοις Decr. ap. Arist.Ath.31.2 ;εἰς τὰ ὅ. παραγγέλλειν X.An.1.5.13
; ἐφ' ὅπλοις or παρ' ὅπλοις ἧσθαι, E.Supp. 674, 357 ;μένειν ἐπὶ τοῖς ὅπλοις X.Cyr.7.2.8
; for ὅπλα ῥίπτειν, ἀφιέναι, κατατίθεσθαι, v. sub vocc. ; for ὅπλα τίθεσθαι, v. τίθημι.IV of the arms possessed by animals for self-defence,[τὸν ἄνθρωπον] οὐκ ἔχοντα ὅπλον πρὸς τὴν ἀλκήν Arist.PA 687a25
, cf. b4, al.V membrum virile, Nic.Fr.74.30, APl.4.242 (Eryc.), Hsch.VI a gymnastic exercise, the last which came on in the games, Artem.1.63. -
6 γυμνάσιον
I in pl., bodily exercises, Pi.Fr.129.4, Hdt.9.33, Hp.Art.58, Pl.R. 539d,etc.2 metaph., γυμνάσιον γράφειν write an exercise or essay, Gal.19.17.II gymnastic school, E.Ph. 368, Antipho 3.2.3, Pl.Criti. 117c(pl.),etc.; ἐκ θἠμετέρου γυμνασίου from our school, Ar.V. 526: pl., γ. τὰ ἱππόκροτα the hippodrome, E.Hipp. 229 (anap.).b οἱ ἀπὸ γ. in Egypt, those who have received training as ἔφηβοι, i.e. the Hellenized inhabitants of the μητροπόλεις, PFlor.179.24 (i A. D.), etc.2 generally, school,ἐν γυμνασίοις Ἀκαδημίας Epicr.11.11
;ἐν Ὁμηρείῳ γ. Epigr.Gr.860
([place name] Chios);γ. ἀρετῆς Luc.Nigr.19
; of a philosophic school,ἐκ τοῦ αὐτοῦ γ. Pl.Grg. 493d
, cf.ὁ ἀπὸ τοῦ αὐτοῦ γ. Dam.Pr. 399
: metaph.,γῆ γ. ζωῆς Secund.Sent.15
.3 in collective sense, the youths who attend the school, IPE2.299.8 ([place name] Panticapaeum).Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > γυμνάσιον
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7 παιδοτριβέω
2 generally, train, exercise, educate, τινα D. 25.7;τινὰ ἔν τινι Plu.2.795e
: metaph., πεπαιδοτριβηκὼς τυραννίδα trained up, Plu. Comp.Dem.Cic.4:—[voice] Pass.,ψυχῆς πεπαιδοτριβημένης Ph.2.265
;π. ἐπὶ στρατηγίᾳ παρά τινος Jul. Caes. 324d
.II = παιδεραστέω, AP12.34 (Autom.), 222 (Strat.).Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > παιδοτριβέω
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8 γυμνός
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `naked, unarmed' (Il.).Other forms: ἀπόνοιμον ἀπογύμνωσιν H.Derivatives: γυμνάς, - άδος f. m. `naked' (E.); `trained' (E., Attika); collective = `trained men' (Amorgos, Astypalaia, Kos). γυμνής, - ῆτος m. `light-armed warrior' (Tyrt.), with γυμνητικός (X.), γυμνήσιος (Arist.), γυμνητεύω (Plu.), γυμνητεία `light-armed men' (Th.), `nakedness' (Corn.); γυμνήτης, f. - ῆτις `naked' (Lyc.). γυμνικός ( ἀγών) `gymnastic' (opp. ἱππικός) (Hdt.). γυμνηλός `poor' (H., EM, after νοσηλός etc.). - γυμνότης f. (LXX). - Denom. γυμνόομαι `strip' (Il.), - όω (Hdt.), γύμνωσις (Th.). γυμνάζομαι `exercise (naked)' Ion.-Att.; γυμναστής `trainer' (Pl.), γυμναστικός, ἡ γυμναστική ( τέχνη) `gymnastics' (Ion.-Att.); γύμνασμα `training' (D. H.), γύμνασις `id.' (Poll.); γυμνάσιον `training' (Pi.), `school for.., gymnasium' (Att.), γυμνασιώδης (Cic.); γυμνασία; for - σιον, - σία Schwyzer 469f. - γυμνασίδιον (Arr.) and γυμναστήριον (Gal.). - γυμνιεύω `be naked' (P. Ross. Georg. 3, 28, IVp).Etymology: Old word. With dental suffix, Lat. nūdus (\< * nogʷodʰos Schrijver, Larr. Lat. 1991, 274f), OIr. nocht, Goth. naqaÞs, OHG nackt, ONo. nøkkuiðr. Without suffix, Lith. núogas, OCS nagъ (with vowel lengthened acc. to Winter-Kortlandt); with n-Suffix, Skt. nagná-, Av. maγna- (dissimilated); Germ. n-forms like ONo. nakinn, OFries. naken prob. after the n-participles. Hitt. nekumanza (with e-vowel) after the adjektives in -u̯ant- (with - mant- after u). With e also Arm. merk \< *meguro- (cf. Av. maγna-). - The υ from -o- as in νύξ before following labiovelar; - μν- \< -gun-, cf. ἀμνός. We also find λυμνός (H.), with dissimilation for *νυμνός; also ἀπολύγματος ἀπογύμνωσις. Κύπριοι H. (with - γ- preserved). The essential point, the γ-, was explained by Kortlandt (ap. Beekes, Orbis 37 (1994)91) through assimilation in *noŋʷ-nos \> *ŋoŋʷnos. The initial ŋ- was rephonemicized (ŋ was not a phoneme in Greek) to γ-, *γυνμος giving γυμνός.Page in Frisk: 1,332-333Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > γυμνός
См. также в других словарях:
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gymnastic — 1570s, from L. gymnasticus, from Gk. gynmastikos fond of or skilled in bodily exercise, from gymnazein to exercise or train (see GYMNASIUM (Cf. gymnasium)) … Etymology dictionary
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aerobic exercise — /əˈroʊbɪk ɛksəsaɪz/ (say uh rohbik eksuhsuyz) noun physical exercise during which energy is derived from glucose produced by the reaction of oxygen in the blood with stored glycogen, and which typically involves moderate activity over a… …
Setting-up exercise — Set ting up ex er*cise Any one of a series of gymnastic exercises used, as in drilling recruits, for the purpose of giving an erect carriage, supple muscles, and an easy control of the limbs. [Webster 1913 Suppl.] … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
setting-up exercise — noun Date: circa 1900 any of a series of gymnastic exercises used to give an erect carriage, supple muscles, and easy control of the limbs … New Collegiate Dictionary
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